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Chess Title Differences: CM, FM, IM, GM

Chess has a clear title hierarchy: CM, FM, IM, and GM. But what does each title actually mean in terms of playing strength? How big is the gap between them?

Playing strength comparison

TitleRatingApproximate level
CM2200+Strongest club players. Can beat any amateur.
FM2300+Semi-professional. Competes in national events.
IM2400+Professional strength. Can compete internationally.
GM2500+Elite. Top 0.01% of all chess players worldwide.

The gap between titles

Each 100-point rating gap represents approximately a 64% expected score for the higher-rated player. So an FM (2300) would beat a CM (2200) about 64% of the time. A GM (2500) would beat an FM (2300) about 76% of the time. The gap between amateur and GM is enormous.

How many of each title exist?

Approximate global numbers: ~3,500 CMs, ~7,500 FMs, ~4,000 IMs, and ~2,000 GMs. The GM title is held by roughly 2,000 living players out of the millions who play chess. See how many GMs.

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